Robert Lewis Stevenson free essay sample

The most prominent literally devise used by Stevenson to create curiosity is the many narratives in the novella by different characters. Although most of the story is told from Mr. Utterson’s point of view (a lawyer and main figure), key parts of the story are told from Dr. Lanyon (friend of Mr. Utterson and Dr. Jekyll) and the ending by Dr. Jekyll (creator of the â€Å"personality-switch† potion and consequently Mr. Hyde). Furthermore, each narrative is transmitted to the reader by different media, such as story-telling, speech and letters. This means that the reader doesn’t just get one point of view of the events, but rather three, each of a different one. This makes the reader curious as to what each narrator will reveal about the happenings in the story and creates much intrigue. A second major devise used in the novella is character. The figure of Mr. Hyde and his secret identity is constantly chased by the main character (Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Robert Lewis Stevenson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Utterson) and is related to all important events in the story (from Dr. Jekyll’s will to Sir Danver’s murder). The reader is never properly described the outer appearance of Hyde since all the information resealed about him comes from second hands, â€Å"he is an extraordinary looking man†¦ I can’t describe him† (page 15). Furthermore the strange connection between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (the protege of Dr. Jekyll) intrigues the reader even further, since Jekyll is regarded as a respectable man and Hyde a despicable one and Hyde’s strange disappearances seem to be connected to that of Dr. Jekyll, who claims to be â€Å"ill† though the reader finds out later he is not. Yet it is also through the use of contrasting imagery that Stevenson achieves intrigue in his novella. The main contrast is in the use of that of dark and light imagery, which is mainly present in the two â€Å"personalities† of Dr. Jekyll, the â€Å"good side†, himself, and his â€Å"bad side†, Mr. Hyde. The nature of both this characters’ actions varie from each other since Jekyll is portrayed as doing only good, â€Å"whilst he had always been known for charities, he was now no less distinguished for religion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 40), whereas Hyde for evil, â€Å"the man trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming on the ground†. Although Jekyll and Hyde are two separate identities and so therefore their actions, they do share one body, which challenges the reader and intrigues him as to how such thing is possible. However not only are literally devises used to create great curiosity by Stevenson, but also the very plot itself. Throughout the novella, many unanswered questions are left open until the very end of the story (â€Å"Henry Jekyll’s full Statement of the Case†), which the reader keeps asking himself throughout the novel. Questions such as â€Å"Who is Mr. Hyde? †, â€Å"How is Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde connected? † and later â€Å"What is Dr. Jekyll hiding? † are constantly asked by the reader since they make the base for the plot. This makes the reader constantly curious and challenged, making him want to read further on to find out the answers. Throughout the novella â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde†, Stevenson achieves great intrigue and curiosity on the reader’s part by using not only literally devises such as character and imagery, but also through media, such as narrative and rhetorical questions as well. It is through these that the novel manages to catch the reader’s immediate attention and make him want to keep on reading till the very end of the book.

Turn Over Rate For The Texas Retail Industry

Turn Over Rate For The Texas Retail Industry Describe HypothesisThe Texas economy relies on the retail industry is a vibrant part of the Texas economy. The Texas retail turnover rate has also affected the economy through seasonal employment. The turnover rate is important as companies spend a tremendous amount of money training new employees. The mean turnover rate for the Texas retail industry is 13%. The null hypothesis is the turnover rate for the Texas retail industry is 13%. The alternate hypothesis is the turnover rate is not equal to 13%.Formulation of Numerical and Verbal HypothesisHo: ÂŽÂ ¼ = 13 %H1: ÂŽÂ ¼  ¢Ã‚‰ 13 %Level of significance, a=.01The null hypothesis is the mean is not different from 13%, but equals to 13%. The alternate hypothesis is the mean is not equal to 13%. The level of significance is .01, which is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis. The level of significance, which is alpha, equals .01.English: Galton Box (demonstrates normal distribut...Performance of the Five-Step Hypoth esis TestThe first step in hypothesis testing is to establish the null (Ho) and the alternate hypothesis (H1). The hypothesis that the group affirms is that there is average turnover rate of 13% in the Texas retail industry. The null hypothesis is the population mean is 13%. The alternate hypothesis is ‚“The mean is different from 13% or the mean is not 13%. Both hypotheses are written:Ho: ÂŽÂ ¼ = 13 %H1: ÂŽÂ ¼  ¢Ã‚‰ 13 %This is a two-tailed test because the group thought that a one-tailed test was not needed. The group also thought there was no need to state a direction, which would then make a one-tailed the most appropriate testing method. The next measure is to select a significance level. There is not one level of significance that can be applied to all tests. Most often, the .05 level is selected for consumer...

Democracy and human rights in asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Democracy and human rights in asia - Essay Example As far Asian and Western culture is concerned, it can be studied in two ways along wise that is dogmatic or communal (Bell, 2000, pg. 67). If one has to pen down the social uplifts in both these cultures, then morally and ethically Western culture is far behind in moral norms as compared to Asian averages. West has by far with an approach being not keeping abreast of religious medians in political implementations. Religious medians are more expressive and demanding regarding the human uplifts and hominid elevations. Although West has totally defined human rights and since by far trying reach the best of its output but the limitations and boundaries set by such Western liberalism is not apprehend able by a nonprofessional. Western democracy is somehow a kind of dictatorship where only those can survive easily who are in relation to those liberal rights designers from the perspective of religion. Western liberal democracy does not render a true platform to followers of a certain minority religion holder to apply their values openly while living in such states. Roseau stated that the big the state is; the more difficult it would be to run it with democracy where rights and thoughts of every person are valued. Asian democracies in political perspectives although not very successful in certain countries of the world but their values for upholding a pure socially upgraded and esteemed are far fruitful than those of Western ones. Liberal democracies are true pictures of autonomy, copious, supremacy, and genuine build-ups. Therefore, simply if these attributes are existed in any democratic state either western or eastern that state would be more appropriate in building up a pure social and human rights building state. Asian democratic sates are individual value based set ups with power of legitimate enactments. There is a conflict in human rights and societies dimensions in both cultures because as far the individual is satisfied and pro-active the more that society

Making reference to appropriate human rights provisions, critically Essay

Making reference to appropriate human rights provisions, critically discuss to what extent the legal definition of the family has developed - Essay Example In order to maintain these rights in an effective manner, every nation should formulate certain laws and rules that ensure the well-being of its citizens. In the present scenario, we find a tremendous growth of population and it is very essential to make reconsiderations of the strategies that are adopted to maintain human rights. Lack of mutual understandings among people is, in some cases, the reason for the distress faced by them. The provisions of human rights are very essential for the existence of the framed laws and regulations. â€Å"The promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms must be considered as a priority objective of the United Nations, in accordance with its purposes and principles, in particular with the purpose of international cooperation. In the framework of these purposes and principles, the promotion and protection of all human rights is a legitimate concern of the international community. The international community must treat human rights globally, in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis. The Platform for Action reaffirms the importance of ensuring the universality, objectivity and non-selectivity of the consideration of human rights issues†. (The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women 2005). It is necessary that all people fulfill their appropriate responsibilities and obligation, for the purpose of protecting the fundamental human rights in a most effective manner. More importantly, the appropriate provisions of human rights are also taken in to consideration about the code of conduct and other ethical principles. The adequate norms and policies of human rights are properly maintained by the political and legal enactments of various countries. Human rights of a person include personal freedom, economic, cultural and social freedom, equality etc. As per the legal frame work, every person is treated in an equal manner.

Contracting and Procurement in Project Management College Essay

Contracting and Procurement in Project Management College - Essay Example However, it is also important to understand that the terms of each contract mostly vary from project to project depending upon the requirements of the each project. These terms largely depend upon the preference for quality, economy, flexibility as well as speed with which agreed terms and conditions of the contract can be delivered. Under these contracts, the allowable costs associated with the contract are identified first as these costs would be major costs to make buying and selling on the agreed terms of the contract. All the costs incurred therefore by the sellers are reimbursed by the buyer in the end according to the agreed terms of the contract. This type of contract can be highly risky for the buyer because the total costs associated with the contract always remain uncertain despite they are being identified. Any cost over-runs has to be borne by the buyer if contract terms go awry and does not remain within the control of either the buyer or the seller. However, on the positive side, scope changes in such kind of contracts are easy to make and buyer can do it anytime he wants however, this may increase the total cost of the contract. As discussed above that the cost reimbursable contracts are highly uncertain therefore contractors have very little ambitions or advantage to produce efficiently and productively. However, such kind of contracts helps contractors or sellers to pass on the increasing costs to the buyer. Such types of contracts are used when there is a greater uncertainty associated with the project and are used for projects which involve large investments being made in early part of its life. There are also sub-types of cost reimbursable contracts. These are: 1) Cost plus Fee are contracts where contractors are not only reimbursed of their total cost incurred but also a certain percentage of the overall cost of the contract. The percentages are decided before entering into the contract and are mostly documented in the contract. 2) Cost plus fixed fee are contract where the whole cost is charged back along with certain agreed fixed fee as the contract completion fee. This fixed fee is often considered as the profit of the seller. (contractmanagement.com, 2007). 3) Cost plus incentive is a type of contract where the buyer not only reimburse the total cost to the seller but also provide a certain amount as an incentive fee for exceeding the performance against the agreed contract terms. Such kind of terms may ensure better performance on the part of the seller as it provide them an added incentive to perform and execute the contract in most efficient way. This type f contract can beneficial to both the buyer and the seller if well written and can be a good alternative to the cost reimbursable contract. Fixed Price Contracts Such types of contracts fix a certain specific fee for the goods and services to be rendered before entering

Modernism And Modernisation In Architecture And Culture Philosophy Essay

Modernism And Modernisation In Architecture And Culture Philosophy Essay Discuss the various competing notions of Modernity, Modernism and Modernisation in architecture and culture in the writings of Robert Venturi/Denise Scott Brown using the writings of Michel Foucault and Jà ¼rgen Habermas to support your discussion. Introduction To begin this essay concerned with the issues of Modernity, Modernism and Modernisation, I think it is a necessity to first define the term Modern, as it links all three terms. Modern, according to Jà ¼rgen Habermas, was first used in late fifth century in order to distinguish the Christian present, from the pagan and Roman past. He argues that Modern can be used whenever the awareness of a new era developed in Europe through a change in the relationship to classical antiquity. For us people today, Habermas thinks modern begins with the Renaissance, however people considered themselves as modern in the age of Charlemagne in the twelfth century and in the Enlightenment. (Habermas, 1996). Through this Habermas describes the term modern as one, which can be used widely and has no definitive time period, as the concept behind it is based upon ones (or an eras) perception. Figure Habermas explanation of modern is supported by Vincent Scully, as he explains that Le Corbusiers, a pioneer of Modern architecture, teacher was the Greek temple (Figure 1), consisting of an isolated body, white and free in the landscape, its rigour clear in the sun. Le Corbusier during his early polemics would have his buildings just as the temple, as time went on his architecture began to progressively more and more incorporate the Greek Temples sculptural and heroic character. (Venturi, 1977) Scullys interpretation on the work of Le Corbusier directly, as Corbusier created a new direct relationship with the classical antiquity of Greek Temples. Michel Foucault, according to Barry Smart, takes a slightly different perspective to Habermas and Scullys interpretations of the term modern, he interprets modern as a placeholder when a more definite description is not known. He goes on to explain that the modern (or present) cannot recognise itself as a period and that if you can outline the characteristics that make up a period is to already be beyond it and has become the past. (Smart, 1994). Foucault an interesting insight into the modern, as simply a title giving to that which is unclassifiable , the present, and that once you can classify a time period then it is no longer modern and is the past. Modernity 1.1 Habermas argues that Modernity is an expression that represents the consciousness of an era that relates back to the past of classical antiquity in order understand itself as the movement from the old to the new. What Habermas called the Unfinished Project aims at a distinguishable reconnection of modern culture with an everyday sphere of the theory production process, which is dependent on living heritage. However, the aim of modernity can only be achieved if the process of social modernisation can be transformed into other non-capitalist directions, if the state of the current world is capable of developing institutions of its own way currently withdrawn by the self-ruling system dynamics of the economic and administrative systems. (Habermas, 1994) Venturi explains that Louis Khans or orthodox modern architects desire for simplicity, is satisfactory, when it is made valid through inner complexity. He goes to mention that the Doric Temples (Figure 2) simplicity to the eye is achieved through famous subtleties and precision of its distorted geometry and the contradictions and tensions inherent in its order, so it achieves apparent simplicity through real complexity. (Venturi, 1977). Through this Venturis point links directly to Habermas notion of modernity, as he is relating the new Modern architecture desire for simplicity to the simplicity achieved in the old architecture of the Doric Temple, thereby highlighting a transition from the old to new. Figure Michel Foucault takes a different approach from Habermas as he denotes Modernity as something which is characterised by a combination of power/knowledge relations around the subject of life, a life that is now possible to master through science. He goes on to argue that the human races problem does not only consist of a fear of destruction through chemical or atomic pollution, animal species extinction or depletion of natural resources; the idea that any malicious power could take over technologies for evil purposes, is only a false illusion to hide a genuine metaphysical anxiety that corresponds with the mastery of life. Through this Foucault states that this mastery of life, through science, transforms the living, crushing it. As opposed to turning it into a knowledge base upon which could support us, thus making the living being more and more artificial. (Jose, 1998) Habermas produces a definition of Modernity, which takes a more of social/economical perspective, with his relation between social modernization and capitalism and between the worlds institutions and autonomous economic and administrative systems. On the other hand Foucault takes an approach in which he addresses how important the scientific aspect of modernity is and how it has affected out outlook on life as a whole. Figure According to Habermas, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Figure 3) was the first philosopher to develop a clear understanding of modernity. With the philosophers that came before him, Hegel located the core of modernity in the principle of subjectivity, which had previously been discussed by Kant, who saw subjectivity as the foundation of science, morality and art fields. Hegel argued that since modernity was based on subjectivity and the power of critical reflection, only philosophical reason could achieve the hoped-for reconciliation and overcome the doubt of modern subjectivity. This interpretation lead to the articulation of Hegels notion of absolute spirit, which is the consuming activity of self-discovery, the unconditionally self-productive self-relation, interceding subjectivity and objectivity, nature and spirit, finitude and infinity. (Habermas, 1996, Pg. 6) Modernity and the Enlightenment David Harvey describes Enlightenment thought as that which embraced the idea of progression and actively wanted that break with history and tradition which modernity adopts. It was a non-religious movement that sought the removal of obscurity and sacredness of knowledge and social organisation in order to free human beings from their chains. (Harvey, 1989). The project of modernity, as referred to by Habermas, came into focus during eighteenth century. This developed an intellectual effort by Enlightenment thinkers to advance in objective science, universal ethics and law, and autonomous art according to their inner logic. The idea behind this was to may use of the knowledge gained by many people working freely and creatively in pursuit of human emancipation and the enrichment of daily life. Harvey denotes Enlightenment thought as a thought process which strives to remove the unease about pursuing knowledge and social organisation so that we can remove the chains in our minds, which prevents us from gaining more knowledge. This links into Habermas, where he touches upon a characteristic of Enlightenment thinking, which is to advance and enrich daily life through the gain of more knowledge. According to Habermas, through opposing the classical and the romantic to each other, modernity wished to create its own past in an idealised vision of the Middle Ages. During the nineteenth century the Romanticism produced a radicalised realisation of modernity that detached itself from all previous historical connections and understood itself solely in abstract opposition to tradition and history as a whole. (Habermas, 1996) I do not agree with this statement as Habermas contradicts himself as he previously denoted modernity as an expression that represents the consciousness of an era that refers back to the past of classical antiquity precisely in order to comprehend itself as the result of a transition from the old to the new. (Habermas,1996, Pg. 39) With reference to this notion, it would impossible for a type of modernity to develop that not have historical connections and abstractly opposed tradition and history entirely. Modernity as an avant-garde The mentality of aesthetic modernity began to form with Charles Pierre Baudelaire and with his theory of art, which had been influenced by Edgar Allan Poe. This unfolded in the avant-garde artistic movements and then achieved its peak with surrealism and the Dadaists of the Cafà © Voltaire. This mentality is characterised by a set of attitudes, which formed around a new transformed consciousness of time, which expresses itself in the spatial metaphor of the avant-garde. This avant-garde explores the unknown, thereby exposing itself to the risk of sudden and shocking encounters, conquering an undetermined future and must find a path for itself in previously unknown domains. (Habermas, 1996) Modernism Modernisation Conclusion Total Word Count:

Of Mice and Men Brotherhood Essay

â€Å"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don’t belong no place. . . . With us it ain’t like that† (Steinbeck, 15). As we follow Lennie and George on their journey towards what they consider to be the dream life, the audience comes to learn along with the characters that dreams are not all they’re cracked up to be and sometimes the most rewarding goal in life is one which has already been achieved. The two main characters in the book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck are poor farm workers who hope to one day own their own farm and become self-sufficient. What they never realize is that the most important thing they can ever have is each other. Despite their periodic quarrels, Lennie and George share a connection comparable to that of brothers and a love so profound it ultimately costs Lennie his life, leaving George with the reality he never saw before: that were he not so caught up in a frivolo us endgame, he would have seen that he had already found something worth living for in his large, clumsy companion. George often has a hard time coping with Lennie and the problems his disability causes for the two of them regarding work and living situations. He tells Lennie, â€Å"You can’t keep a job and you lose me ever’ job I get. Jus’ keep me shovin’ all over the country all the time. An’ that ain’t the worst. You get in trouble. You do bad things and I got to get you out. You crazy son-of-a-bitch. You keep me in hot water all the time† (12). George rarely becomes as outwardly upset with Lennie as he is in this instance, but it’s clear in the way he talks to him throughout the book that he is easily frustrated with having to look after someone else all the time, especially someone who needs as much care as Lennie does. Lennie doesn’t seem to fully understand this, or otherwise doesn’t care much because he trusts George to stay with him whatever the trouble they come across. Lennie often settles arguments by insisting, â₠¬Å"I didn’t mean no harm, George.† Though George is aggravated, he usually takes this apology to heart and forgives Lennie, making everything better. At the time that this book is set, people didn’t know very much about mental handicaps or their effects. A common solution, then, for someone with a mental disability would be to put them in an asylum. This fact is what makes  it so clear that George loves Lennie, even if he doesn’t always express it the way in the reader may think he should. When Lennie’s Aunt Clara dies, George makes a promise to her that he will take care of Lennie. However, because Aunt Clara is dead, George has no real obligation. Morally, he may feel guilty, but most characters in his situation would â€Å"take care of Lennie† by handing him off to a professional. Instead of taking this approach, George takes Lennie under his own personal care in order to honor his promise to Aunt Clara and keep a closer watch over him. This is where George’s almost familial love for Lennie first becomes apparent in the story line. Further along in the book, George’s feeling of obliga tion for taking care of Lennie progresses even more. When Candy tells him, â€Å"I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldn’t ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog† (67), George understands that sometimes the best way to protect someone you love is by hurting them first before anyone else gets the chance to. This exchange between Candy and George is an example of foreshadowing to the end of the book, when George shoots Lennie to save him from the mob of angry workers. It seems to the reader as if George should be doing everything in his power to continue to hide Lennie from the people who want to hurt him, but he realizes that the thing which is hurting Lennie the most is Lennie himself. Just like Candy’s dog, Lennie â€Å"ain’t got nothing left for him† (52) and the best way to protect him from all the bad things in the world is to take him straight out of it. Even after killing Lennie, George has this calm silence about him, a sign of respect and reverence for the man he has spent almost his whole life bonding with and looking after. Even if he never outwardly says it, George loves Lennie like his own family. The closest he ever comes to admitting this fact is right before he shoots Lennie and he consoles him by saying, â€Å"I ain’t mad. I never been mad, an’ I ain’t now. That’s a thing I want ya to know† (117). And despite his seeming ignorance toward the subject, it’s clear that Lennie understands George loves him as much as he has always loved George. The tragedy in this ultimate display of brotherly love is that it comes too little too late. Instead of seeing the good he has in front of him all along, George doesn’t realize until the situation is out of his control just how lucky he was to have Lennie in his company. All he can really see in the  future is his big dream of their own house with lots of farm land and animals to look after, living â€Å"off the fatta the lan’† with no worries or cares. This goal almost seems attainable when Candy mentions all the money he has saved up and George becomes blind-sided by the possibility of his dream coming true so much sooner than he had imagined. In this, he loses sight of what is really important to him, which is Lennie. He forgets how Lennie is and let’s go just long enough for Lennie to get himself into trouble for the very last time. This time, Lennie has actually killed a woman and done something George can’t fix for him and every hope he’s ever had goes out the window with the loss of his best friend and pseudo-brother. â€Å"You hadda, George. I swear you hadda† (18). The irony and tragedy in this observation made by Slim is that while George did ultimately have to shoot Lennie himself in order to save him further suffering, this would not have been the case were he not too caught up in his own foolish daydreams to see life as it was happening around him. I think at the end George fully realizes this. And though Lennie’s death is not entirely his fault, he feels responsible and humbled by the experience. It’s easy for the reader to infer that due to this traumatic experience, it is likely that George will never fully recover and never reach that dream by himself, regardless of his probable hatred of the idea. It is hard for the reader to find it likely that George would still want to pursue this goal without Lennie by his side as he has always been. George has learned too late that the thing he needed the most in life was not independence or personal property or anything material at all, but a friend for life. â€Å"S’pose you didn’t have nobody†¦ A guy needs somebody – to be near him†¦ A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody. Don’t make no difference who the guy is, long as he’s with you. I tell ya† (80). As George and Lennie’s connection becomes more profound throughout the book, the reader has no choice but to also become attached to their relationship. Having a goal is a comforting thought, but when it comes down to it, it really is true that in life, all you need is love.

Baking Soda and Baking Powder

Baking SodaBaking Soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen bicarbonate is an alkali which is a white crystalline however it often appears as a fine powder, its chemical name is NaHCO3. It is used to increase the volume of baked goods. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). (1)Baking PowderBaking Powder is also a dry leavening agent which is a mixture of a weak alkali and a weak acid; it increases the volume and lightens the texture of baked goods. Baking powder works by releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas into a batter or dough through an acid-base reaction, causing bubbles in the wet mixture to expand and therefore leavening the mixture.Most commercially available baking powders are made up of an alkaline component (typically sodium bicarbonate also known as baking soda), one or more acid salts(such as cream of tartar), and an inert starch (cornstarch in most cases, though potato starch may also be used). Baking so da is the source of the carbon dioxide, and the acid-base reaction can be generically represented as: NaHCO3 + H+ → Na+ + CO2 + H2O(2)The Difference between Baking Soda and Baking PowderBoth baking soda and baking powder are leavening agents, which means they are added to baked goods before cooking to produce carbon dioxide and cause them to ‘rise'. Baking powder contains baking soda, but the two substances are used under different conditions. Baking soda is pure sodium bicarbonate. When baking soda is combined with moisture and an acidic ingredient (e.g., yogurt, chocolate, buttermilk, honey), the resulting chemical reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that expand under oven temperatures, causing baked goods to rise. The reaction begins immediately upon mixing the ingredients, so you need to bake recipes which call for baking soda immediately, or else they will fall flat!However Baking Powder contains  sodium bicarbonate, but it includes the acidifying agent a lready (cream of tartar), and also a drying agent (usually starch). Baking powder is available as single-acting baking powder and as double-acting baking powder. Single-acting powders are activated by moisture, so you must bake recipes which include this product immediately after mixing. Double-acting powders react in two phases and can stand for a while before baking. With double-acting powder, some gas is released at room temperature when the powder is added to dough, but the majority of the gas is released after the temperature of the dough increases in the oven.

Differences essays

Differences essays It was a cold January night in Brooklyn. I was helping my father provide a sound system for a Jewish high school play. Normally when one thinks of Jewish people, they think that they are just regular people who instead of going to church go to temple. However there are many different types of Jews. The ones my father and I were working for that night were called Hasidic Jews. Every winter my father would have several bookings of equipment rentals for their high school plays. For a long time, I thought that, besides some noticeable differences, they were the same as my Jewish friends in school, but one night, something weird happened. I was sitting on a box back stage doing my homework. Pops and I had just finished setting up so I had time on my hands to study. While doing my tricky Fifth grade work, I noticed a small Hasidic toddler standing across the way just starring at me. At first, I thought it was just a common behavior of a small person, so not worried in the least bit, I simply stared back at the tiny dude. Surprisingly, our staring contest lasted for a long two minutes. It finally ended when my father walked in and scared the poor kid away. He did see us staring and asked what that was about. I told him what had happened and his explanation for it was kind of strange. He said the boy probably had never been that close to black people in his life. When dad said that, I did not think that was possible; knowing how many black people there are in New York. Then He began to tell me about the Dad had been working with the hasidic community for over twenty years. He said they would usually rent studio time from him in Manhattan. Then eventually, they would ask him to do on location work in other boroughs. After years ...

International Sport Events In The Netherlands Tourism Essays

International Sport Events In The Netherlands Tourism Essays International Sport Events In The Netherlands Tourism Essay International Sport Events In The Netherlands Tourism Essay 1.Introduction Without a successful execution of a superb scheme, it will hold no value. For a superb executing a successful scheme has to be created for every athletics organisation who wants to form such an events as the World Cup Football, Ryder Cup, Olympic Games, World Cup Hockey and Tour de France. The Olympic Games, World Cup Football and the Ryder Cup are the three biggest featuring events in the universe in footings of witness screening ( Tucker, 2007 ) . When a state wants to form such a large athletics event, the forming state has to hold a possible to form such an event and do an offer which can non be refused by the athletics commissions. This paper can added value and assist to supply such an offer which can non be refused. In the Netherlands there are athletics organisations which have the dream to form an event as the RyderCup 2014, World Cup Football 2018 or 2022 and the Olympic Games 2028 in the Netherlands. This paper has to place the most of import factors that have influence on a winning command for those events and do the dream become true. The construct of command on an international athletics event has grown the last decennaries. It has started merely before the Olympics of 1984 ( Los Angeles, USA ) . Such an international athletics event like the Olympics and the World Cup Football can supply the host metropolis and state a batch of benefits, but these are non ever guaranteed ( Meannig and Du Plessis, 2007 ) . For illustration, the Olympics of 1976 ( Montreal, Canada ) resulted in a immense sum of debts. Therefore, the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) was since the Olympics of 1984 more focused on cost efficiency, low-risk and the use of bing substructure. The consequence of this attack was a immense fiscal success for Los Angeles 1984. Besides this, grosss from telecasting rights and sponsorships were increasing so more states were interested in forming such a athletics event ( Shoval, 2002 ) . The organisation of the international athletics events has to present an excellent offer, which exceeds outlook, to the commission by the organisation of the athletics event in the Netherlands. This research has the end to derive an understanding what it takes to win the command of some great sport event by placing the cardinal success factors of the command procedure. The research on this subject had an international focal point so there is no article of all time written on Dutch athletics event command. Therefore, this subject is really interesting for carry oning research. 1.1 Research inquiries To form such an event, an initial missive has to be written to the commission of the athletics event. With the dorsum of the Dutch Government they have to compose a missive of purpose to do the command functionary. Within this missive, the organisation will depict their program of action and why the event has to be in the Netherlands. With the deficiency of research on event command in the Netherlands, this research will concentrate on the apprehension of what it takes to win the command for an international athletics event by placing the cardinal success factors of the biding procedure. In this research, the most of import cardinal success factors will be identified and what the influence on the winning command will be. The inquiry of this research will be stated as followed: What are the indispensable factors and how can these be incorporated to make a winning command for an international athletics event in the Netherlands? 1.2 Sub inquiries I have divided the research inquiry in the undermentioned sub-questions: i‚Â · What are the advantages and this advantages of forming an international athletics event in the Netherlands? i‚Â · What are the stairss involved in the command procedure of an international athletics event? i‚Â · What are success factors for winning event commands by and large and within the Nederlands? i‚Â · What are the past experiences of implementing a command for an international athletics event in The Netherlands? 1.3 Command on major athletics events The growing of commercialisation in athletics has been significantly increased the last decennaries. International athletics events are really interesting for host economic systems, companies and athletics organisations ( Slack, 1998 ) . This is non merely because of economic benefit but every bit good for societal and political benefits ( Swart and Bob, 2004 ) . The complexness and benefits for hosting such a athletics event are grounds why athletics events are presently capable to a command procedure. The commands of the host states are presented to the boards and commissions for blessing ( e.g. IOC, FIFA, UEFA and RyderCup ) . The commissions of those major athletics events organize a competitory auction in the signifier of commands by possible host states to maximise the gross from the rights to form an major athletics event. This command procedure can be seen as a monopolizer confronting a competitory groups of bidders were three parties are able to pull out much of the fiscal benefit of hosting the athletics event from the command states. The athletics commissions sign a contract with the host state that regulates the flow of benefits associated with the athletics event. Hosting an international athletics event can be seen in an economical point of position as a right, which the host state buys from the athletics commissions ( Maenning and Du Plessis, 2007 ) 1.4 Model of the command procedure Offering on an international athletics event can be visualized in a conceptual theoretical account ( figure 1 ) . This theoretical account shows the relationships with different elements taken into contemplation that have impact on the mark of the thesis. The theoretical account shows the factors that are of import and of influence on a command procedure for an international athletics event. 1.5 Relevance In this Master thesis the research worker have tried to acquire more cognition on the indispensable factors to make a winning command on an international athletics event in the Netherlands. To make a winning command a big fiscal investing is needed but hosting an international athletics event can convey tremendous benefits. This is the ground why the figure of bidders is increasing tremendously. Due this fact, this specific research on the indispensable factors for hosting an international event can be of added value for the event bidder. Besides, on the subject on event command is really small known. The relevancy of this research could be of influence on the determination shapers for coming bid book shapers for hosting an international athletics event in the Netherlands. 2. Research Methodology 2.1 Introduction This chapter outlines the research methodological analysis used for this Master thesis. It will do clear which types of informations have been used and more significantly why. Furthermore, it should do clear how the analyses have been conducted and where the decisions are based on. 2.2 Research design To reply the research inquiry, this chapter should do clear how the research have been conducted the analysis and were the decision are based on. The information for this study consist out of primary and secondary informations. The primary information is collected by qualitative interviews with experts in the field of international athletics events or command procedures. Qualitative attack is taken, because more practical penetrations into a command procedure can be taken. This is non possible when the research is conducted merely via qualitative informations. The secondary informations comes from theoretical cognition, which is available. The secondary informations can been found through literature from diaries, books and research studies. Most of this information is related to international athletics events and non to feature events in the Netherlands. Besides this, a good reply on the research inquiry can be reached through the information from international athletics events. The combination of primary and secondary informations can be used to reply the research inquiry and the sub inquiries. First, the sub inquiries will be answered which will take automatically to the reply of the chief inquiry. At the terminal, the consequences of the primary and secondary day of the month will be combined the come up with decisions and recommendations. 2.3 Interviews Qualitative interviews will be used for the primary informations. First of wholly, the inquiry list was set up. This list contains more than 20 inquiries, divided into different subjects with extra inquiries. These inquiries were based on the sub inquiries of the thesis. Before the interview, the chief subjects of the interview will be explained by a short debut. This, to give the interviewee a short indicant were the research worker is looking for and do them comfy with the interview. The interviewee was asked about his map and the engagement of the company/government into athletics events and about the added value for athletics events in the Netherlands. The command procedure is taken to research how the command procedure is set up, who is involved and what the chief phases are. The 2nd subject of the interview is stakeholder, which identifies the most of import people into the command procedure and what their influences can be. Success factors identifies and ranks the critical suc cess factors on a winning command. The 4th subject, international athletics events in the Netherlands acknowledge if concerns, authorities, ( local ) community are all supportive and enthusiastic about hosting such an event in the Netherlands. The last subject of the interview will be the Improvements on the command procedure of international athletics events in the Netherlands. 2.3.1 Choice of participants Besides the inquiry list was made, a list of participants was created for carry oning interviews. This list is divided into two different groups: ( a ) athletics and ( B ) industry environment. Group A: athletics: This group exists of people active within the athletics universe and involved in command procedures for international athletics events. Group B: industry environment. This group exists of stakeholders, the corporate universe and other experts in the field of 2.3.2 Data aggregation Initial contact was needed before the interviews could take topographic point. All contacts were made by the research workers straight. The interviews were conducted via face to face and telephone, due the troubles for doing an assignment. The interviews were recorded with permission of the interviewee. The interviews were recorded due the fact that the research worker do non desire to lose of import quotation marks and miss of import reading. Besides, the informations analyse could be done more exactly because the research worker could listen more times to the interview. This to guarantee no of import or valuable information was lost. 2.3.3 Data analysis After each interview was conducted, the interview was converted into transcripts. It was non literally typed out, because non all information was relevant for the research. After carry oning the interviews, all the interviews were analyzed on replies on the sub inquiry. These replies were compared with the theoretical portion of the thesis. The informations coming from the interviews were used to back up or strength the theoretical informations. 2.4 Decision In this chapter the research methodological analysis was set out for carry oning research. It started with the account of the usage of primary and secondary informations. After, an account of the set up for the interviews and the participants. Continued with the manner the information was collected and analyzed. With this, theoretical and practical informations were compared and could give informations to reply the sub inquiries for this thesis. 3. Theoretical model 3.1 Introduction In this chapter I will show a reappraisal of the literature to research what has been researched and written sing my subject. The information will be used to acquire a better apprehension of the subject with research that has been conducted by researches. The result of the deepness interview can be compared with the theoretical informations to acquire a better understanding about the command procedure for an international athletics event. The information that already has been written on my subject, I will utilize it to acquire a better apprehension on my subject. The interviews with specific spouses will be used to compare theoretical informations with practical informations. Both can take to the best attack, which can be used for the command procedure. Due the deficiency of information and literature to the command procedure of international athletics events in the Netherlands, I will concentrate chiefly on the information found about command and forming athletics events. The chapter is divided into different subdivisions. First the term international athletics events will be described. Second the advantages that can be achieved by forming major events. Followed by the most of import factors that are of import to make a winning command. After this the factors of influence will be discussed. Last, the past experience of event command in the Netherlands will be described. 3.2 An international athletics event Literature describes these sorts of events as particular, mega, alone or major events ( Getz, 1997 ; Hall, 1995 ) . All events have an pulling international attending, short continuance and organized one-off or on a regular rhythm. To form such an international event, support from the ( local ) authorities of the host state is needed. With this support, the organisation can reconstitute the substructure, altering policies, etc. The international athletics events pull a batch of international attending, because it is broadcasted all over the universe with many witnesss. All of those factors are related to an international athletics event and that is the ground why researches define this as an international athletics event. Events like the Olympics, World Soccer, Tour de France and the Ryder Cup are illustrations of an international athletics event. 3.3 Value of hosting events The literature describes the value of organisation such a alone event as the Olympics, World Soccer, Tour de France and the Ryder Cup. The hosting state can see socio-economic and political benefits before, during and after the event ( Swart and Bob, 2004 ; Jones, 2001 ) . A twosome of benefits are effects on the societal community, coevals of grosss, development bowls and substructure, excess touristry, return touristry via experiences and media exposure, and other economical benefits ( Swart and Bob, 2004Getz, 1997 ; Hall, 1995 ) . Besides the exhilaration of being a host state, a batch of media exposure can convey positive returns to the hosting state, which offset initial investing made ( Du Plessis, 2007 ) . Hall ( 1992 ) has found in his research that states or metropoliss besides host international athletics events for hiking their image of the state or metropolis in order to develop the touristry. With this a metropolis or state wants to be a concern or touristry finish. Fore sts ( 2005 ) mentioned that the above steps touchable impacts could besides be intangible impacts. Social intangible impacts such as quality of life, civic pride and societal properties of communities could alter into a positive or negative manner for the host state or metropolis. Forests ( 2005 ) explained the touchable and intangible impacts in a diagram for host states. This can be found in appendix A. 3.4 Factors of Influence With the fact the more and more states are offering on athletics events, it is of import to cognize the complexness and alone environment of the athletics industry. Due the fact that there is a limited supply of athletics events, it of import to cognize which factors influences the command procedure. Emery ( 2002 ) concluded the increasing demand from metropoliss to host athletics events and suggest that there is a demand to find the advantages of a state into the command procedure. A bidder should work their ain strengths instead than the failing into rivals. Therefore, several researches came up with cardinal factors into a winning command. The six factors of Crockett ( 1994 ) are: part publicity, fiscal returns, location determination, professional presentation, demands of determination shapers and economic impact. Emery ( 2002 ) came up with the undermentioned factors: full apprehension of the brief and the formal/informal decision-making procedure ; professional credibleness ; m ake non presume that decision-makers are experts, or that they use rational standards for choice ; custom-making professional touchable and intangible products/services and transcending outlook and cognizing the strengths and failings of your command in comparison to your competition. The cardinal success factors for command on an international athletics event were divided into two different groups: primary standards and new primary standards by the researches Ingerson and Westerbeek ( 2000 ) . Primary standards can be seen as pressing necessities to host an international athletics event in a state or metropolis. These standards must run into the demands of the event proprietors. The standards were: economic, political, substructure, media and proficient. After their research they came up with new primary standards which were: command trade name equity, edifice dealingss, bequest, offering experience, warrant added value, offering experience, originative statistics and command squad composing. After new research in 2002 of Ingerson and Westerbeek and in add-on Turner more of import factors were found. They came up with the eight success factors needed to make a winning command to form an international athletics event. The eight success factors defined by these research workers are: substructure, relationship selling, answerability, political support, ability, command squad composing, bing installations, and communicating and exposure. In the event proprietor view the ability factor of the forming squad can be seen as a important factor in the determination doing procedure to give the right to the squad to host the athletics event. The ability factor can be divided in proficient expertness, event direction and sport-specific expertness to run the event ( Ingerson, Westerbeek and Turner, 2002 ) 3.4.1 Bid Team Emery ( 2002 ) concluded in his research that a command squad must understand the formal and informal procedures and these should non be underestimated. A command squad with a batch of experiences in forming little or big ( international ) athletics event is really ideal, but this can be overcome by choosing cardinal individuals to fall in the command squad. 3.4.2 Stakeholders The engagement of stakeholders is important in portion of the command procedure and is aimed at increasing effectivity of describing to do certain that determinations really reflected the diverse involvements of all different histrions involved ( Frey, Iraldo and Melis, 2007 ) . It is necessary that the command squad cooperate with the cardinal stakeholders in the execution of an international athletics event. This to guarantee that different policies are complementary alternatively of viing with one other. A strong base of people who are in favor is important to make a winning command but it takes many stakeholders to form an international athletics event. An illustration with different stakeholders in the command procedure of an international athletics event is ; Local community Political and concern leaders Sport event commission Sport federations ( local ) Government Support from concern community 3.4.2.1 Local community A important portion in the command procedure is the support of the local community. Without the support of the local community it is about impossible to form a successful international athletics event. A duologue between the command squad and the local community ( stakeholders ) is necessary to understand and analyse the impacts and jobs on the community. 3.4.2.2 Support Business support and/or public support is frequently indispensable for an international athletics event because of the big sum of the fiscal committedness ( Westerbeek, Turner A ; Ingerson, 2002 ) . Another indispensable factor is the big measures of voluntaries that is necessary in the organisation ( Emery, 2002 ) . The securing of an international athletics event from portion of a more comprehensive touristry, concern investing scheme or athletics development to show that the major event is widely accepted and accepted by the community as a whole. 3.4.2.3 Sport associations In the organisation procedure athletics federations, both at national every bit good as international degree are playing an of import function to make a winning command. At national degree the support of athletics federations are really of import in the command procedure. For illustration, to make a winning command for the Olympics in 2028 in Amsterdam support from the NOC*NSF ( Dutch Olympic Committee ) is necessary. On an international degree, support from the European athletics federation is critical in the command procedure like the UEFA ( European Football Association ) for the World Soccer Bid in 2018 in the Netherlands. 3.4.2.4 Government, provincial and local political relations The organisation commission has to understand the bureaucratism of the authorities, provincial and local political relations. Besides, they have to put in this relationship. The organisation of the athletics event will be guarantee that there is a desire and support of the ( local ) authorities to procure the international athletics event for their state and part. A authorities relation s expert can be of added value for a command squad and its political support. First of all support from politicals is of import for procuring important resources such as physical, fiscal and human resources. Second, the support is needed for political and fiscal stableness of the hosting state in relation to the longer-term ends and policies of the authorities that will lend to the quality of the athletics event ( Westerbeek, Turner A ; Ingerson, 2002 ) . 3.5 Bidding procedure The command procedure is for every international athletics event different. This can differ significantly, depending on the sort of event. There is a difference between command for the Olympic Games or World Cup Baseball. Emery ( 1997 ) concluded that there seems to be a generic command procedure which can be used for all sort of athletics events that require a command. The environment of an international athletics event is really complex and involves different elements: resource, organisational and proficient complexness ( Maylor, 1996 ) . Harmonizing to the research of Emery ( 2002 ) the command procedure will last minimally one twelvemonth with three different organisational phases ( figure 2 ) . First of wholly, the group willing to take part in the command procedure should acquire blessing of the local council. Second, the group should convert the national athletics federation by offering a competitory command, which will go the national command after the blessing. Finally, this national command will be offered to the international athletics commission and this should take to a winning command and therefore the right to host the international athletics event. Figure 2: Basic sum-up of major event organisation relationships and construction ( Emery, 2002 ) Within the three phases, the degree of resource committedness, bureaucratism and engagement of stakeholders rises. When the right to host the international athletics event is officially, the low degree contractors are responsible for the major hazards associated with the event ( Emery, 2002 ) . Getz ( 2001 ) came up with another theory were the focal point is on relationship selling of the command procedure ( figure 3 ) . This theoretical account described the factors that influence a command procedure and a winning scheme. It described the standards for the event proprietor and on the other side the factors that influence the event organisers. Those standards come together and ensue to the command procedure. This theoretical account with the two standards is influenced by different critical success factors. Figure 3: Event command procedure ( Getz, 2001 ) Appendixs Appendix A

Why do some people commit arson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Why do some people commit arson - Essay Example In the United Kingdom too, many cases of arson has recently been reported. Arson is not only legal crime but also hindrance for good governance. Arson occurs in both organised and individual forms. Some cases of collective arson are spontaneous and committed by loosely attached groups. On the other hand, there are cases of arson which involved well organised and strongly co-ordinated groups. Arson could also be either purposeful or purposeless. In other words, arson is essentially heterogeneous, i.e. there are many types of arson. And, different types of people involve in the crime of arson for different reasons. Arson has been identified as a threat to businesses in Britain, especially the insurance sector. Commercial buildings, school property and community assets in the United Kingdom are easily being prey to arsonists. It is also detrimental for the free growth of schools and communities. Also, the high human cost of deliberate firesetting is arming. Annually, there are nearly 10 0 deaths and 2,500 injuries caused by arson (Arson Control Forum, 2006). Moreover, it adds an extra burden on the emergency services and thereby putting an extra weight on the taxpayers. Who is Affected? Businesses Schools Communities Innocent Individuals Emergency Services Nature Defining Arson Arson is a difficult term to define. It is noted that â€Å"the confusion about the true extent of arson has been compounded by the different terminologies used to describe arson, terms that are not commonly understood by all stakeholders. The Fire Data Report (FDR1) form used to record primary fires attended by UK Fire and Rescue Services, had three categories which, when combined, made up the arson measure – deliberate, doubtful and malicious. The lack of a commonly understood terminology meant that local agencies with which the Fire and Rescue Service could potentially work in partnership did not always fully appreciate the extent of illegal firesetting and thus did not dedicate s ufficient resources to address the problem† (Arson Control Forum, 2006, p.12). Arson is even different for various agencies which are in place to deal with issues related deliberate firelighting. The practices of recording, measurement and terminology used with relations to arson might vary from agency to agency. The general lack of common measure of arson has led widespread disparities between multiple agencies. From 2000 onwards, legally, the terms such as ‘malicious’ and ‘doubtful’ have paved way for the more accurate term ‘deliberate’ regarding arson. Types of Arson Vandalism Fraudulent arson Arson as Cover-up of Crime Revenge Mental Illness Youth Disorder Arson as Attack on People and Property Arson is one of the alarming problems the contemporary British society faces on. It is the predominant cause behind the fire in the business premises. Most of the major fires that occurred in the last fifty years are a result of arson, the rate would be around 45%. Rarely, a business thrives after an attack of arson as it results huge losses. Opportunist vandalism is the main form of arson prevalent in the United Kingdom. Increasingly, the number of arson attacks on schools too has become so common in the United Kingdom. According to Arson Prevention Bureau, there are on the average twenty arson attacks on schools. Arson Control Forum has observed that â€Å"those living in socially deprived areas are the most likely to be the victims of fire, whether accidental fires or deliberately set† (2003, p.9). The Extent of Arson as a Societal Problem About one in two fires from Arson Common cause of fire in business premises Loss of school records and

Discuss the need (if any) for international environmental restriction Essay

Discuss the need (if any) for international environmental restriction and the constraints that international agreements are subject to. Use the cases of the Mo - Essay Example It can be argued that if environmental concerns are brought out of their current green image and established with economic rules, the will to enforce them and the ability to accept them could be far greater than it is at the present moment. Undoubtedly, human beings have polluted and exploited the planet that we live on and while the effects of the pollution caused by human activity can be disastrous, it might not be recognized as such until it starts to affect the urban centers of the world that we live in (VonAncken, 2006). Of course there have been successful international agreements on what steps must be taken to prevent an all out attack on the environment and measures such as the Montreal Protocol have certainly met with a lot of success (Kruger, 1999). However, a lot remains to be done in a world where countries such as the United States and Australia have not fully agreed to the more advanced Kyoto Protocol. It would be useless to deny the facts as they stand since global warming and environmental degradation is a harsh reality. According to the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) global temperatures have risen by 0.6 Â ± 0.2 Co in the last century. Most importantly, the cause for this rise is attributed to human activity (IPCC, 2001). However, there are those who contest the reason behind these facts and suggest that the global rise in temperatures is a natural phenomenon. At the same time, there are many who make dire predictions about the coming climatic changes. Global climate change has quickly become one of the most hotly contested issues in terms of science as well as politics. However, it is also becoming a topic for debate in terms of economics and international law where it may take center stage when new agreements are formed between nations as to how they control what they do to hurt or help